The line is unsignalled and limited to a top speed of 25 miles per hour. Track conditions in some places require slower speeds. Scenic highlights include the 1400 foot-long bridge over Buggs Island Lake, just north of Clarksville.

Reference: see Doug Koontz, "Virginia Southern: The first Thoroughbred Shortline", Railfan and Railroad 14:3 (Sept. 1995): 52-59.

The Virginia Southern operates the line with two crews, the first going on duty daily (M-F) at 7:00AM at Keysville. The morning crew works the line south switching Chesapeake Forest Products and the cluster of industries at Clarksville, which generate the majority of the railroad's traffic. They will return north working industries as needed until their shift ends. A second crew, usually on duty at 4:00PM, will finish switching duties and head north to the Burkeville interchange. As a result, the interchange duties almost always occur in darkness. The train will then return south to Keysville or another convenient point on the line in order to begin the next day's work.

Since the VS represents NS's shortest route between the main line at Crewe and the Raleigh-Durham area, overhead bridge traffic is occasionally carried over the entire length of the railroad between Burkeville and Oxford. So far, this traffic is not substantial and the run usually only occurs once a week.

The Virginia Southern is an all-EMD operation. As of 1995 two GP40s, #200 and #512 (ex-MKT), were on the property and saw regular service. GP9 #618 (ex-B&O passenger unit) saw service on an irregular basis when tonnage warranted. All three units wear the Virginia Southern's attractive green and yellow livery.